There are two primary approaches to creating something: bottom-up design and top-down design . Top-down design is often seen in architecture. People do not build bricks randomly; instead, they follow the design drawings created by the architect. This method executes a plan that has already been established. When asked why something is built in a certain way, the answer is usually that the blueprint dictates its design. Conversely, bottom-up design does not start with a fixed goal, but rather involves setting and implementing small, actionable rules. For example, termite nests follow this approach. Small termites have a simple rule: to pile up soil. They do this without knowing the reason, but over time, the finished structure is remarkable and sophisticated. The appearance of the Sagrada Familia church , designed by Antoni Gaudà and still under construction, closely resembles a termite nest, differing only in size. Setting goals and planning is one way to create, but actual achievem...
Rejection Cost . From the perspective that my profit is someone else’s loss, and someone else’s profit is my loss, the fact that I have to reject an opportunity to make money for my circumstances is a loss for me and an act of giving someone else a profit. In other words, my added value is not determined solely by productivity but also by the marginal utility generated by the law of supply and demand . Therefore, my labor price should reflect the value that I have given up—the profit I could have gained. If the rejection cost is not included in my profit, I will be at a loss to that extent. Failing to account for rejection costs in production expenses is not wise, but foolish, because it risks my survival. There is no absolute value in this world. All economic values are relative. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”