There are two primary approaches to creating something: bottom-up design and top-down design . Top-down design is often seen in architecture. People do not build bricks randomly; instead, they follow the design drawings created by the architect. This method executes a plan that has already been established. When asked why something is built in a certain way, the answer is usually that the blueprint dictates its design. Conversely, bottom-up design does not start with a fixed goal, but rather involves setting and implementing small, actionable rules. For example, termite nests follow this approach. Small termites have a simple rule: to pile up soil. They do this without knowing the reason, but over time, the finished structure is remarkable and sophisticated. The appearance of the Sagrada Familia church , designed by Antoni Gaudà and still under construction, closely resembles a termite nest, differing only in size. Setting goals and planning is one way to create, but actual achievem...
The biggest crisis for CEOs is the financial crisis . However, symptoms precede this financial crisis; staff around the CEOs stop offering advice. If the staff believes that giving advice is futile and will only worsen the relationship, they will refrain from providing further advice. Nevertheless, most CEOs perceive their aides differently when they remain silent. The CEOs interpret the staff’s silence as a resolution to the conflict of interest . Ultimately, the staff’s silence inevitably precedes a financial crisis. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”