There are two primary approaches to creating something: bottom-up design and top-down design . Top-down design is often seen in architecture. People do not build bricks randomly; instead, they follow the design drawings created by the architect. This method executes a plan that has already been established. When asked why something is built in a certain way, the answer is usually that the blueprint dictates its design. Conversely, bottom-up design does not start with a fixed goal, but rather involves setting and implementing small, actionable rules. For example, termite nests follow this approach. Small termites have a simple rule: to pile up soil. They do this without knowing the reason, but over time, the finished structure is remarkable and sophisticated. The appearance of the Sagrada Familia church , designed by Antoni Gaudà and still under construction, closely resembles a termite nest, differing only in size. Setting goals and planning is one way to create, but actual achievem...
In the West, human thinking has primarily developed through formal logic . In formal logic, truth and falsehood cannot coexist. However, in Eastern thinking , it is seen as possible. Some Western dialectical ideas were already recognized in the East. Three main dialectical concepts are: first, reality is constantly changing, so what is true now can become false later (the principle of fluctuation ). Second, due to this ongoing change, contradictions always emerge, and these contradictions drive further change (the principle of contradiction ). Third, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, and each part relates to the whole (the principle of relationality or holism ). This is reflected in yin and yang in Eastern philosophy and Taoism. Eastern thinking regards contradictions, confrontations, and change as natural phenomena. This mindset difference also influences management and investment . If the economy improves, Westerners tend to believe it will keep improving, while Asia...