Only when there is a surplus can new things be created. Surplus means having more than what is necessary. Creating something new requires an initial investment in advance. Whether it’s labor or capital—that is, whether labor is purchased with capital—energy can only be used for new work if there is a surplus. Only with prior investment can something entirely new, never seen before, be made. The existence of something that did not exist before in this world results from someone putting in their surplus first. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”
All values are interconnected and relative. There is no such thing as an absolute value. For instance, is the value of the goose that lays golden eggs due to the goose itself, or because of the golden eggs it produces? Are the productive forces of life indeed more precious, or does gold hold greater value? If you find yourself on the brink of starvation without food, which is more valuable: the goose that lays the golden egg or the one that lays ordinary eggs? Value depends on context and circumstances, as it is inherently relative and changeable. In essence, all values fluctuate. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”