Universality: Exclusivity alone does not create value because value is not automatically generated by monopolizing something that isn’t worthwhile. For a monopoly to effectively build value, the monopoly object must be scarce and in limited supply. Conversely, universality also creates value. Scarcity relates to the concept of universality as a correspondence, and the value of universality is also affected by the limitations imposed by scarcity. Nothing has absolute value; all values are merely relative. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”
Cash serves as a universal means of payment for exchanging goods and services that everyone needs. For manufacturers to continue producing these goods and services, prices must be slightly higher than the market value of cash . This is because if the value of the goods or services produced falls below the cash, manufacturers or service providers will prefer to hold cash instead of producing these goods or services. Consequently, it is accurate to say that the value of cash is less than that of the goods or services. However, people desire cash because it functions as a means of payment endowed with “ compulsory circulation power .” In other words, cash has no limits on the exchange of value and possesses the capacity to reward even human life. Due to its enforced value exchange by law, people consistently strive for cash, even if it holds less value than goods. Therefore, all economic indicators and expressions of wealth are converted into cash. - Joseph’s “just my thoughts”